How do you abbreviate 19th century

Lash said When title follows proper name, use lower case Clay Ballantine, chief advancement officer, Jonathan Lash, president. When title alone is used, use lower case the director of development, the director of student affairs with the exception of "the President," which should always be capitalized when used as a stand-in for President Lash. The President gave a speech at commencement. Plays, poems, articles, short stories, songs, essays, radio, and television shows appear in quotes. Do not underline.

Miscellaneous Usage Avoid possessive "college's. Avoid beginning a sentence with "However" except meaning " in whatever way". Avoid using "thus" or "therefore. For example: "the cups that broke," not "the cups which broke. Avoid "full-paying. Avoid "in the Valley": use "Connecticut River Valley" but only in the geographical sense; substitute "in the area" or "in the region. Do not use "firstly," "secondly," "thirdly," etc. Use "first," "second," and "third.

Use it as a noun: "This effort will have a positive impact on Hampshire's image. Use "initiative," not "new initiative. Comprise means include. The whole comprises the parts; the parts compose the whole. Ampersand: Ampersands are only to be used when there isn't enough space to spell out "and. Punctuation Comma Use serial commas after all members of a series history, sociology, or biology; Amherst, Mount Holyoke, and Smith Colleges.

Use comma after name and before and after Jr. John Smith, Jr. Some of the information on this page, including direct quotes unless otherwise noted , was drawn from Palaeography for Family and Local Historians by Hilary Marshall Phillimore, When the printing press was introduced in England in the late 15th century, however, the type came from the Continent, where the letter was not used.

The typesetters used the letter y instead, because when handwritten, the loop of the thorn was often not connected and looked similar to the y. The Ampersand. The ampersand character and the abbreviation are still used today to save time and space in writing.

In some documents it may appear as a large hook of backwards comma. Northern Irish N. Northern Ireland No. Norfolk north. Northamptonshire Northants. Northamptonshire Northumb. Northumberland, Northumbrian Northumbld. Northumberland Northumbr. Northumbrian Norw. Norwegian Norweg. Norwegian Notts.

Nottinghamshire Nov. November ns. Wales New South Wales N. New South Wales N. New Testament Nucl. New York N. Oxford English Dictionary Off. Oklahoma Ont. Ontario Ophthalm. Orkney Ornith. Old Testament Outl. Oxford Oxfordsh. Oxfordshire Oxon. Pennsylvania Palaeobot. Parnassus pass.

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Saskatchewan Sat. Saturday Sax. Saxon sc. Scottish, Scots Scand. Scandinavia, Scandinavian S. Carolina South Carolina Sch. Scottish Scotl. Scotland Script. Dakota South Dakota s. September Ser. Shakespeare Shaks. Shakespeare Sheph.

Shetland Shropsh. Shropshire sing. Hi, Mike. Either option is fine, but "centuries" is more concise and so probably preferable. Martin Barrett.

You don't really answer the question as to whether 20th century or 20th-century is the preferred option. Also I suggest that the 17th century finished a year earlier than you say. Ie Dec 31st and n ot Dec 31st Hi, Martin. We answer the "20th century or 20th-century" question at the bottom of the post: you only hyphenate when using a century adjectivally.

As for the end of the seventeenth century, we are using the strict Gregorian calendar construction, where each century starts on a year ending one e. If "20th century" is being used twice in a sentence, once as a adjective and once as a noun, would you hyphenate just the adjective?

Or leave both open for consistency? Hi, Tama. We'd always suggest hyphenating the adjectival use. If the inconsistency bothers you, you might want to look at rephrasing so that the sentence doesn't repeat the century in question, but it shouldn't be a problem in practice. Karen OKeefe. Hi, Karen. Hello, Would this be the correct way to write: Mid-twentieth-century revival? Thank you. Hi, Hannah. Some style guides allow for variations on this e.